Question:1
What is the first stable compound of carbon fixation in C4 plants?
A. 3-Phosphoglycerate (3-PGA)
B. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
C. Oxaloacetic acid (OAA)
D. Pyruvic acid
Correct answer: C. Oxaloacetic acid (OAA)
Explanation:
C4 plants, such as corn and sugarcane, have a special pathway of photosynthesis that is suitable for hot and dry regions. In them, the first product of carbon fixation is Oxaloacetic acid (OAA), which is a four-carbon compound. It can then be converted to malic acid or aspartic acid. C4 plants reduce photorespiration and perform more efficient photosynthesis.
Question:2
What is the most important property of Soil Colloids that makes them effective in Nutrient Retention?
A. Their heavy weight
B. Their neutral pH
C. Their negative charge
D. Their ability to absorb water
Correct Answer: C. Their negative charge
Explanation:
Soil Colloids are very fine particles, such as Clay and Humus, that have a negative charge on their surface. This negative charge binds positively charged nutrients (such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺) to them and keeps them in the soil, so that plants can absorb these nutrients whenever they want. This process is called Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC).
Question:3
What is the main role of the Plant Hormone “Abscisic Acid (ABA)”?
A. Increasing cell division
B. Accelerating the process of flowering
C. Controlling the process during stress in the plant
D. Accelerating the process of fruit ripening
Correct Answer: C. Controlling the process during stress in the plant
Explanation:
Abscisic Acid (ABA) is an Inhibitory Hormone that provides immunity to the plant during times of stress such as water scarcity or drought. It prevents water loss by closing the stomata, keeps the seeds dormant and plays an important role in stress protection.
Question:4
What process is called “Humification”?
A. Growth of plant roots
B. Storage of moisture in the soil
C. The process of forming humus by the decomposition of organic matter
D. Nitrogen evaporation from the soil
Correct answer: C. The process of forming humus by the decomposition of organic matter
Explanation:
Humification is the process in which organic matter in the soil is broken down with the help of microorganisms into a stable and dark substance called humus. Humus increases the fertility, structure, and water-holding capacity of the soil.
Question:5
Which bacteria play an important role in nitrogen fixation in “Leguminous plants”?
A. Azotobacter
B. Nitrosomonas
C. Rhizobium
D. Pseudomonas
Correct Answer: C. Rhizobium
Explanation:
Rhizobium is a symbiotic bacteria that forms nodules in the roots of leguminous plants (such as peas, beans, chickpeas). This bacteria absorbs nitrogen from the atmosphere and converts it into ammonia, which is essential for plant growth. This process is called nitrogen fixation and plays an important role in soil fertility.
Question:6
“Hydroponics” is a modern method of what?
A. Preparation of chemical fertilizers
B. Method of growing plants without soil
C. Water purification process
D. Process of making biological pesticides
Correct answer: B. Method of growing plants without soil
Explanation:
Hydroponics is a modern agricultural method in which plants are grown without soil in only water and nutrient solution. In this process, all the necessary nutrients are provided to the roots of the plant through water. This method is used for high production, less space, and agriculture in a controlled environment.
Question:7
Which organism is mainly used in “Vermicomposting”?
A. Bacteria
B. Fungi
C. Earthworm
D. Nematodes
Correct Answer: C. Earthworm
Explanation:
Vermicomposting is a natural process in which organic waste (such as vegetable peelings, leaves, etc.) is decomposed with the help of earthworms. The earthworms eat and digest these materials and use their excrement to produce nutrient-rich compost called vermicompost. This fertilizer significantly increases the fertility of the soil.
Question:8
What do “CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism)” plants do at night?
A. Absorb sunlight
B. Absorb oxygen
C. Absorb carbon dioxide
D. Excrete water
Correct answer: C. Absorb carbon dioxide
Explanation:
CAM Plants such as cacti and other plants in sandy or arid areas absorb CO₂ by opening their stomata at night to prevent water loss during the day. The absorbed CO₂ is stored in the form of malic acid, which is used for photosynthesis during the day in the presence of light. This system helps the plant save water in arid environments
Question:9
What are “Chelating agents” used for in soil?
A. For drainage
B. To lower the pH of the soil
C. To improve the taste of edible crops
D. To make metals in the soil available to plants
Correct Answer: D. To make metals in the soil available to plants
Explanation:
Chelating agents are special chemical compounds that bind to micronutrients (such as Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) in the soil and make them available to the plant roots in a soluble and absorbable form. These agents are especially useful in alkaline or high pH soils where metals are not normally available.
Question:10
What is the purpose of “Bt toxin” in Genetically Modified (GM) crops?
A. To absorb more water
B. To increase fruit size
C. To protect against pests
D. To increase nutrient content
Correct answer: C. To protect against pests
Explanation:
Bt toxin is a natural toxic protein obtained from the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis. It is genetically added to crops (such as corn and cotton) to kill specific pests such as caterpillars. When these pests eat the crop, Bt toxin disrupts their digestive system and kills them. This process reduces the use of chemical pesticides.
Question:11
What is the most prominent effect of the Plant Growth Regulator “Gibberellin”?
A. Shortening the roots of the plant
B. Flowering
C. Increasing the length of the plant (Stem Elongation)
D. Drying the leaves
Correct Answer: C. Increasing the length of the plant (Stem Elongation)
Explanation:
Gibberellins are an important group of Plant Hormones that increase plant length by increasing cell elongation and division. These hormones are especially used to bring dwarf plants to normal height, and also play a role in seed germination, fruit development and flowering.
Question:12
What is the most prominent effect of the Plant Growth Regulator “Gibberellin”?
A. Shortening the roots of the plant
B. Flowering
C. Increasing the length of the plant (Stem Elongation)
D. Drying the leaves
Correct Answer: C. Increasing the length of the plant (Stem Elongation)
Explanation:
Gibberellins are an important group of Plant Hormones that increase plant length by increasing cell elongation and division. These hormones are especially used to bring dwarf plants to normal height, and also play a role in seed germination, fruit development and flowering.
Question:13
What is the main goal of “Precision Agriculture”?
A. To get less yield on more land
B. To apply the same technique to every crop
C. To get more and better yield with limited resources
D. To promote only mechanized agriculture
Correct answer: C. To get more and better yield with limited resources
Explanation:
Precision Agriculture is a modern agricultural method in which the needs of each piece of land are identified separately using GPS, drones, sensors, data analysis and modern technology.Its aim is to use fertilizers, water, pesticides, etc. only in the amount and only where needed, so that there is no waste of resources and production increases.
Question:14
What does “Allelopathy” mean in agricultural science?
A. Transfer of germs between plants
B. Chemical influence of one plant on the growth of another plant
C. The process of plants absorbing water
D. Release of toxic substances from the soil through the roots
Correct answer: B. Chemical influence of one plant on the growth of another plant
Explanation:
Allelopathy is a natural phenomenon in which a plant releases chemicals that affect the growth of other plants growing nearby. This effect can be positive or negative, but usually it produces inhibition. It is used in weed control and understanding the mutual relationships of some crops. For example, sunflower inhibits the growth of certain shrubs.
Question:15
What are the microorganisms in “Biofertilizers” used for?
A. To control soil temperature
B. To protect crops from diseases
C. To convert nutrients in the soil into an absorbable form
D. To improve crop color
✅ Correct Answer: C. To convert nutrients in the soil into an absorbable form
Explanation:
Biofertilizers contain microorganisms (germs) that convert nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients in the soil into a form that is usable (available) for plants. For example, Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, and Phosphobacteria. These fertilizers are environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and helpful in improving soil health.
Question:16
“Evapotranspiration” is the combination of which two processes in agricultural science?
A. Water drainage and soil hardness
B. Rainfall and humidity
C. Evaporation and Transpiration
D. Oxygen release and water absorption
Correct answer: C. Evaporation and Transpiration
Explanation:
Evapotranspiration refers to two processes:
- Evaporation: The evaporation of water directly from the soil surface or water.
- Transpiration: The release of water absorbed by the roots of plants through the leaves.
Both these processes help in understanding the water requirement of the crop and are very important in irrigation planning.
Question:17
What is the main benefit of including Leguminous crops in crop rotation?
A. Providing moisture to the soil
B. Keeping soil temperature low
C. Increasing the amount of nitrogen in the soil
D. Increasing the length of roots
Correct answer: C. Increasing the amount of nitrogen in the soil
Explanation:
Leguminous crops (such as chickpeas, mung beans, mung beans) have a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria in their roots, which fix nitrogen from the air and add it to the soil. Including these crops in crop rotation increases the natural fertility of the soil, and reduces the need for nitrogen for the next crop.
Question:18
What is meant by “Threshold Level” in Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?
A. When the crop is fully mature
B. When the water table in the soil is low
C. The number of pests that require immediate control
D. The level at which fertilization should be stopped
Correct Answer: C. The number of pests that require immediate control
Explanation:
The Threshold Level is the point when the pest population in a crop reaches a level that causes economic damage. In Integrated Pest Management (IPM), this is the moment when pest control measures become necessary to prevent production from damage. Before this, unnecessary spraying is avoided, which promotes environmentally friendly agriculture.
Question:19
What is a Tensiometer used for?
A. To measure the amount of fertilizer
B. To determine the hardness of the soil
C. To measure the availability of water in the soil
D. To determine the intensity of sunlight
Correct Answer: C. To measure the availability of water in the soil
Explanation:
Tensiometer is a simple instrument that measures soil moisture tension. It helps farmers understand when and how much irrigation should be done. When the Tensiometer reading is high, it means that the soil has dried out and the crop needs water.
Question:20
What is the role of “Phytoalexins” in agriculture?
A. Growing plant roots
B. Creating aroma in the plant
C. Activating the plant’s defense system
D. Helping the plant absorb more water
Correct answer: C. Activating the plant’s defense system
Explanation:
Phytoalexins are natural chemical compounds that plants produce as a defense response against invading bacteria, fungi, or viruses.These compounds have antimicrobial properties and help protect the plant from diseases. In agriculture, they are studied to increase disease resistance.